Scientists Reveal First 3D Holograms That Can Be Touched

A team of researchers has developed the first 3D hologram that can be touched and moved by hand, opening the door to fully interactive holographic experiences.

The study, published March 6 in the HAL open archive, introduces a method for projecting three-dimensional images in mid-air using a soft, flexible material. Unlike traditional holograms that users can only view, this system allows for physical interaction—such as grabbing and repositioning a virtual cube—with no damage to the display.

While still in the experimental stage, the researchers plan to present their findings at the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, which runs from April 26 to May 1 in Japan.

Holograms are already used in various technologies, from museum displays to smart glasses. However, they have largely remained untouchable, with physical interaction limited to science fiction portrayals like those in Iron Man. This new study is the first to show that users can manipulate holographic graphics in mid-air using their hands, without the need for headsets or gloves.

Flexible material solves safety and interaction challenges

The breakthrough centers on a component called a diffuser, a rapidly moving sheet onto which thousands of images are projected at different depths to form a 3D image. Traditionally, these sheets are rigid. Contact during use could result in damage to the display or even injury.

To address that risk, researchers replaced the rigid sheet with a soft, elastic material that can withstand touch without compromising the image. They have not yet disclosed the exact material used, but say it allows the display to remain stable even when pressed or handled.

Introducing flexibility came with its own challenges. The material would often deform under pressure, distorting the image. To solve this, the team added real-time correction technology that adjusts the projection to maintain a clear and steady hologram.

“We are used to direct interaction with our phones, where we tap a button or drag a document directly with our finger on the screen — it is natural and intuitive for humans. This project enables us to use this natural interaction with 3D graphics to leverage our innate abilities of 3D vision and manipulation,” study lead author Asier Marzo, a professor of computer science at the Public University of Navarra, said in a statement.

Wide potential for learning, collaboration, and public engagement

Although the technology is still under development, the researchers say it holds promise for a range of applications. In education, for example, students could interact with 3D models of engines or biological systems, enhancing hands-on learning without physical tools. In museums, visitors might walk up to exhibits and manipulate digital artifacts using only their hands.

The system also supports multiple users interacting at the same time, offering collaborative experiences without requiring virtual reality equipment.

The research has not yet undergone peer review, but a video demonstration released by the team shows the display in action, with users reaching out to engage with floating shapes that respond to their touch.

If commercialized, the technology could reshape how people interact with digital content, making virtual experiences more physical and intuitive than ever before.